Author: Ryan Roberts
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How to Protect Directors on Your Startup’s Board
Startups often desire to shield members of their board of directors from personal liability in connection with their duties on the board. And sometimes potential board members are hesitant to join a startup’s board without sufficient personal liability protection. Therefore, startups can protect their directors in a few ways: (1) Indemnification The startup can include…
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25102(f) Notice: Only in California
Founders must pay special attention when their startup issues securities–even when those securities are issued to themselves at incorporation. Whether or not founders realize it, they are issued their founders stock via an exemption from registration at both the federal and state level. The federal exemption most likely available for founders is Section 4(2) of…
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What is Four Years With a One Year Cliff?
Four Years with a One Year Cliff is the typical vesting schedule for startup founders’ stock. Under this vesting schedule, founders will vest their shares over a total period of four years. The one year cliff means that the founders will not get vested with regards to any shares until the first anniversary of the…
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The Delaware Franchise Taxes Freak-Out
The New Year. For some, it’s time to reflect on the past and look forward to the future. For others, it’s time to make resolutions to change for the better. But for me, it’s time to respond to client inquiries regarding their apparent 5-figure bill for Delaware franchise taxes due March 1. Here’s how to…
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What is a Fully-Diluted Basis?
The concept of a fully-diluted basis is not difficult. A fully-diluted basis just means the assumption of the highest potential amount of common stock a startup will have outstanding, regardless of vesting provisions and assuming all options and other securities like convertible notes are converted into common stock. That is, assume the highest share count…
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What Happens to the Option Pool if a Startup is Acquired?
The option pool is the amount of common stock a startup reserves (typically at each series of financing) for future issuances to employees, directors, advisors, and consultants. For example, if a startup has 5,000,000 shares of common stock outstanding immediately before the Series A round, a condition of the Series A round may will be…
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How to Set a Convertible Note Discount
A convertible note discount is one of the main economic levers in a convertible promissory note. Notes typically do not include a stated pre-money valuation. Instead, the note converts into equity in a later priced financing (often a Series A), and the conversion price is usually based on the price paid by new investors in…
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How Convertible Debt Works
Convertible debt is a type of security frequently issued by startups when raising capital in their seed round. With convertible debt, the startup issues the seed investor a promissory note, for the investment amount, that contains a conversion feature. The conversion feature is the mechanism by which the debt (the promissory note) will convert to…
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Accountants Heart LLCs
I’ve never had a client’s accountant recommend any legal form besides the LLC for a new startup. Even though I heart corporations, I still believe the LLC can be an appropriate legal entity for some companies and ventures. But when it comes to a startup looking to (i) raise capital, and/or (ii) issue incentive equity…